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Minerva Anestesiologica 2010 May;76(5):362-8

Copyright © 2010 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA

language: English

Post-cardiac arrest syndrome

Binks A. ¹, Nolan J. P. ² ✉

¹ Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK; ² Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK

Following successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest, neurological impairment as well as other types of organ dysfunction still cause significant morbidity and mortality. The whole-body ischemia-reperfusion response that occurs during cardiac arrest and subsequent restoration of systemic circulation results in a series of pathophysiological processes that have been termed the post-cardiac arrest syndrome. The components of the post-cardiac arrest syndrome comprise post-cardiac arrest brain injury, post-cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction, the systemic ischemia-reperfusion response and persistent precipitating pathology. Management of the post-cardiac arrest syndrome involves intensive care support with input from various other medical specialties in a coordinated fashion. Management of ventilation aims for normal carbon dioxide values and normoxia rather than hyperoxia. Management of the circulation commonly requires vasoactive support to overcome (often transient) myocardial dysfunction. Particular attention should be given to evidence of cardiac ischemia and referral for urgent angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention, if appropriate, should be available to all. Optimizing neurological recovery will involve seizure control, management of hyperglycemia and therapeutic hypothermia. Prognostication following cardiac arrest remains difficult, but there are diagnostic tests that may be used with some degree of accuracy.