SPECIAL ARTICLE   Open access

European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 2025 February;61(1):102-8

DOI: 10.23736/S1973-9087.24.08643-X

Copyright © 2024 THE AUTHORS

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lingua: Inglese

EURO-MUSCULUS/USPRM phantom recipe for (musculoskeletal) interventional ultrasound training

Gregorio SALCE ^{1, 2}, Jakub JAČISKO ³, Vincenzo RICCI ² ✉, Kamal MEZIAN ⁴, Levent ÖZÇAKAR ⁵

¹ C.R.M. Rieducazione Motoria, Milan, Italy; ² Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy; ³ Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; ⁴ Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; ⁵ Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Türkiye

Considering the growing role of ultrasound-guided procedures in musculoskeletal medicine, training as regards these interventions is pivotal. While hands-on training on cadavers can be considered optimal, it has several drawbacks, e.g., high cost, poor availability, and technical challenges regarding preservation. Apart from cadavers, different approaches to practicing needle guidance are taught in ultrasound workshops whereby phantoms from meat (e.g., chicken breast), cheese or gelatin are used. Likewise, this article aims to provide a detailed description as to how different gelatin-based phantoms can be prepared. In line with the EURO-MUSCULUS/USPRM (European Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Study Group/Ultrasound Study Group of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine) protocols/background, the authors describe particular basic and advanced phantoms to be used for practicing different technical/manual skills pertaining to common ultrasound-guided procedures. The present manuscript can be considered a practical and ready-to-use “recipe book” for readers who are interested in the wide spectrum of interventional ultrasound.

KEY WORDS: Musculoskeletal system; Ultrasonography; Computer-assisted surgery; Injections; Imaging phantoms