ORIGINAL ARTICLE   

Minerva Pediatrics 2024 Sep 19

DOI: 10.23736/S2724-5276.24.07467-6

Copyright © 2024 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA

lingua: Inglese

Three-dimensional analysis of the potency of Cocos nucifera in demineralizing the artificial enamel carious lesion: a micro-CT study

Nivethigaa BALAKRISHNAN ¹, Aravind K. SUBRAMANIAN ¹ ✉, Rajalakshmanan ESWARAMOORTHY ², Mahalakshmi ANGAPPAN ³, Vincenzo RONSIVALLE ⁴, Maria M. MARRAPODI ⁵, Marco CICCIÙ ⁴, Giuseppe MINERVINI ^{6, 7}

¹ Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; ² Department of Biomaterials, Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; ³ Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; ⁴ School of Dentistry, Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; ⁵ Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy; ⁶ Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy; ⁷ Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India

BACKGROUND: Herbal based ingredients form a more sustainable and effective means for management of ailments related to the human body. Previously plant-based extracts of Cocos nucifera had effective remineralization potential. Hence to identify the changes in enamel mineral density and volume during the remineralization procedure, this study was done with an aim of three-dimensional micro-CT analysis to identify the potency of Cocos nucifera in remineralizing the artificial enamel carious lesion. The aim of the present study was a three-dimensional micro-CT analysis to identify of the potency of Cocos nucifera in remineralizing the artificial enamel carious lesion.
METHODS: This is an in-vitro study, performed in a laboratory setting. Tooth slabs (N.=35) measuring 3×3×1.5 mm were prepared from extracted molar tooth. The prepared slabs were allotted to their respective groups by block randomization. Demineralization of the tooth slabs were done for a period of 72 hours. Following this the samples were washed with deionized water and remineralization was carried out for a period of 14 days. The groups tested were: 1) only remineralization solution(control); 2) 1: 1 lyophilized coconut (2.5 g LC in 25 mL remineralization solution); 3) 2:1 Lyophilized coconut (5 g LC in 25 mL remineralization solution); 4) 1:1 coconut milk (2.5 g CM in 25 mL remineralization solution); and 5) 2:1 coconut milk (2:1 CM - 5 g CM in 25 mL remineralization solution). Micro-CT scanning and analysis of the samples was performed postdemineralization and postremineralization procedure to evaluate the changes in the enamel volume and enamel mineral density. Within each of the five-group tested, the changes in the enamel volume and density before and after remineralization procedure was statistically analyzed using Paired t-test. One way ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey test were done to analyze the intergroup statistical significance between the various treatment groups postremineralization procedure.
RESULTS: The mean difference of the enamel volume indicates that the control group showed the highest differences (-4.57±0.347) this was seconded by the 1:1 coconut milk, 1:1 lyophilized coconut and the lowest was noted in the 2:1 coconut milk group. The mean differences of the changes in the enamel mineral density between the demineralized and remineralized enamel surface indicates that 2:1 Coconut milk showed highest changes in the surface enamel postdemineralization (-22.32±5.37) and 1:1 coconut milk showed the least of the changes in the surface of the enamel (4.00±3.42).
CONCLUSIONS: Coconut extracts obtained from various extraction procedures showed quantitative increase in remineralization of artificially created enamel carious lesion. Further in-vitro studies could be done to the clinical efficiency of the same in oral environment.

KEY WORDS: Dental enamel; Developmental defects of enamel; Tooth remineralization; X-ray microtomography; Dental caries