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ORIGINAL ARTICLE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOMECHANICS
The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 2019 February;59(2):179-86
DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.18.08018-0
Copyright © 2018 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA
lingua: Inglese
Comprehensive overview of hemoglobin mass and blood volume in elite athletes across a wide range of different sporting disciplines
Irina ZELENKOVA ✉, Sergey ZOTKIN, Pavel KORNEEV, Sergey KOPROV, Alexandr GRUSHIN
Russian Olympic Committee Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to compare total hemoglobin mass (tHb-mass) and blood volume (BV) across elite athletes with different sporting specializations.
METHODS: The study enrolled 222 members of Russian national teams from 12 different sporting disciplines and non-Olympic sports. The athletes were tested in the middle of a competitive season for tHb-mass, BV, plasma volume (PV), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), and hematocrit level (Hct) determination. tHb-mass measurements were performed using CO- rebreathing technique, alongside Hb and Hct (capillary blood).
RESULTS: In elite endurance athletes both male and female values for tHb-mass, BV and PV, were significantly higher compared to anaerobic, technical sports and untrained subjects. The highest values of relative tHb-mass across all 15 groups were found in cross-country skiers (15.1±0.1 g/kg) and cyclists (15.0±0.5 g/kg). In the anaerobic group the highest value of tHb-mass was within the short-track group - i.e. 12.9±0.5 g/kg which was significantly lower than in cycling. In all aerobic groups, anaerobic and breath-hold divers we found significant difference in relative tHb-mass compared to untrained subjects. The difference between relative tHb-mass in the cycling group and untrained subjects was 31.3%, 17% for short track, 30.1% for handball and 33.5% for motor sport. For the largest group (biathlon) we performed correlation analysis for males and females with competitive performance and found relationship in both groups (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The study clearly demonstrates the difference between endurance and non-endurance athletes in tHb-mass for elite males and females athletes and its importance in competitive aerobic performance.
KEY WORDS: Blood volume - Hemoglobins - Athletes