ORIGINAL ARTICLE  EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOMECHANICS 

The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 2017 April;57(4):319-29

DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06149-X

Copyright © 2016 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA

lingua: Inglese

Effectiveness of two weeks of high-intensity interval training on performance and hormone status in adolescent triathletes

Chia-Lun LEE ¹, Mei-Chich HSU ², Todd A. ASTORINO ³, Ta-Wei LIU ⁴, Wen-Dien CHANG ⁵ ✉

¹ Center for General Education, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; ² Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; ³ Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA; ⁴ Chinese Taipei Triathlon Association, Taipei, Taiwan; ⁵ Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

BACKGROUND: Weekly training volumes for triathlete are typically higher and may cause fatigue and musculoskeletal injury risk. High-intensity interval training (HIT) is a potent time-efficient strategy to induce adaptations normally associated with traditional endurance training. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two weeks of in-season HIT on exercise capacity and hormonal responses in young triathletes.
METHODS: Twelve adolescent triathletes performed 18 sessions of HIT over 2 weeks including swim, cycle, and run events. The 6-day training blocks were separated by 1 day of recovery. Pre- and post-training, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and exercise performance were assessed, and blood samples were obtained to detect changes in hormone and metabolite levels.
RESULTS: VO2peak was significantly higher (P=0.02) post-training (56.4±8.1 mL·min-1·kg-1) versus pre-training (55.1±7.5 mL·min-1·kg-1). Mean power and total work during 6×10 s repeated-sprint tests significantly increased (P=0.03) after HIT. Additionally, 750 m swim time (pre- vs. post: 689.7±102.5 s vs. 662.0±75 s, P=0.01) and 20 km cycling time (pre- vs. post: 1856.6±274.8 s vs. 1705.4±266.8 s, P=0.02) were significantly lower post-training compared to pre-training, but there was no significant difference in 5 km run time after HIT (pre- vs. post: 1315.8±81.3 s vs. 1292.0±112.9 s, P=0.31). In contrast to pre-training, ammonia concentration was significantly increased (P<0.01) and creatine kinase concentration was significantly decreased (P=0.02) post-training.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that two weeks of HIT using HRpeak as a monitor of physiological intensity improved VO2peak, sprint performance, and triathlon-specific performance in adolescent triathletes and attenuated levels of muscle damage.

KEY WORDS: Cardiorespiratory fitness - Youth sports - Fatigue