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Original articles
The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 2001 December;41(4):505-12
Copyright © 2002 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA
lingua: Inglese
Lipid profile and redox status in high performance rhythmic female teenagers gymnasts
Guerra A., Rego C., Laires M. J. *, Castro E. M. B. **, Silva D., Monteiro C. *, Silva Z. ***, Lebre E. °, Bicho M. ***
From the Nutrition Unit, Department of Paediatrics, H. S. João, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal * Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Human Motricity University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal ** Faculty of Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal *** Genetic Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal ° Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Background. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the lipid profile and some parameters of oxi-redox status in a group of teenage female athletes. All gymnasts of the Portuguese National Team of Rhythmic (n=20) were included in the study. A group of untrained healthy female adolescents, matched for age, was also included (n=28).
Methods. Auxology, nutritional status and body composition were evaluated as well as biological parameters, dietary and training habits. Statistics included descriptive analysis, “t”-Student and Mann-Whitney for comparative study, and Pearson and Spearman correlations, according to variable distribution.
Results. Chronological age was 14.3±1.7 and 14.6±1,7 years, respectively for gymnasts and untrained adolescents. Gymnasts showed lower body mass index (p<0.001) and fat mass (p<0.001) and also a hypoenergetic diet, with higher supply in protein (p<0.05) and saturated fat (p<0.01). Lipid profile showed higher HDL-cholesterol (p<0.01) and lower apo B values (p<0.001) in gymnasts, compared to untrained. Red blood cell’s enzymes studied were higher for transmembrane NADH reductase of ferricyanide (TMR), (p<0.01), methaemoglobin reductase (MetHbRed), (p<0.01), and low-molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP), (p<0.0001) in untrained adolescents. Susceptibility of LDL to peroxidation (LDL-TBARS) were higher in gymnasts (76.3±20.3 µM/l versus 35±21.7 µM/l), (p<0.001). Correlations were positive and significant in both gymnasts and untrained, between LDL-TBARS and LDL-cholesterol (r=0.674, p<0.01 and r=0.544, p<0.05 respectively) and apolipoprotein B (r=0.721, p<0.001 and r=0.659, p<0.01, respectively). LDL-TBARS were negative and significatively correlated to TMR (t=-0.608; p<0.01) only in gymnasts.
Conclusions. The authors conclude that the practice of intense physical exercise in rythmic gymnasts induces a compromise of nutritional status and unbalanced food habits. The intensive exercise also induces not only a protective lipid profile, but also a higher lipid peroxidation. Further prospective studies are important to evaluate the influence of intensive training on atherosclerosis development.