Panminerva Medica 2021 Jan 25

DOI: 10.23736/S0031-0808.21.04277-4

Copyright © 2021 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA

lingua: Inglese

Vitamin D in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) patients with non-invasive ventilation support

Alessandra BARASSI ¹, Raffaele PEZZILLI ², Michele MONDONI ³, Rocco F. RINALDO ⁴, Matteo DAVÌ ⁴, Mario COZZOLINO ⁵, Gian Vico MELZI D’ERIL ⁶, Stefano CENTANNI ⁴ ✉

¹ Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; ² Department of Gastroenterology, San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy; ³ Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; ⁴ Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; ⁵ Renal Division, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; ⁶ Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency has been reported to be associated with respiratory tract infection. In this work we evaluated the concentration of VitD in COVID-19 patients experiencing acute respiratory infections of different levels of severity excluding those who underwent invasive respiratory support.
METHODS: The levels of serum VitD and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed in 118 consecutive hospitalized COVID-19 patients (74M, 44F), confirmed with rRT-PCR. Of these patients with ventilation support 52 (44.1%) received oxygen via nasal cannula, oxygen mask or an oxygen mask with a reservoir, 48 (40.7%) were on a continuous positive airway pressure device (CPAP) and 18 (15,3%) on non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV).
RESULTS: The median values (range) of VitD and of CRP were 15.1 ng/mL (1.3-73.3) and 14.2 mg/L (5.0-151.2), respectively. A negative correlation from VitD levels and those of CRP (correlation coefficient - 0.259: P=0.005) was observed. VitD levels in O2 support patients were significantly higher than in both CPAP and NIMV patients. No statistical differences were found for CRP levels (P=0.834) among the three type of oxygen support. Fewer patients with O2 support had VitD <30 ng/mL and <20 ng/mL than CPAP and NIMV patients. There were no relationships between VitD and the three classes of IgM (P=0.419) and of IgG (P=0.862) SARS-CoV-2 antibodies values. The behavior was the same for CRP.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that a significant proportion of COVID-19 patients have a VitD deficiency and that this condition is more frequent in CPAP and in NIMV patients.

KEY WORDS: Vitamin D; SARS-CoV-2