REVIEW   Free access

Minerva Anestesiologica 2019 June;85(6):635-64

DOI: 10.23736/S0375-9393.19.12151-7

Copyright © 2019 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA

lingua: Inglese

Clinical standards for patient blood management and perioperative hemostasis and coagulation management. Position Paper of the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI)

Gilda CINNELLA ¹, Marco PAVESI ², Andrea DE GASPERI ³, Marco RANUCCI ⁴, Lucia MIRABELLA ¹ ✉

¹ Unit of Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; ² Division of Multispecialty Anesthesia Service of Polispecialistic Anesthesia, San Donato IRCCS Polyclinic, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy; ³ Division of Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy; ⁴ Division of Anesthesia and Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Therapy, San Donato IRCCS Polyclinic, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy

Patient blood management is currently defined as the application of evidence based medical and surgical concepts designed to maintain hemoglobin (Hb), optimize hemostasis and minimize blood loss to improve patient outcome. Blood management focus on the perioperative management of patients undergoing surgery or other invasive procedures in which significant blood loss occurs or is expected. Preventive strategies are emphasized to identify and manage anemia, reduce iatrogenic blood losses, optimize hemostasis (e.g. pharmacologic therapy, and point of care testing); establish decision thresholds for the appropriate administration of blood therapy. This goal was motivated historically by known blood risks including transmissible infectious disease, transfusion reactions, and potential effects of immunomodulation. Patient blood management has been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the new standard of care and has urged all 193-member countries of WHO to implement this concept. There is a pressing need for this new “standard of care” so as to reduce blood transfusion and promote the availability of transfusion alternatives. Patient blood management therefore encompasses an evidence-based medical and surgical approach that is multidisciplinary (transfusion medicine specialists, surgeons, anesthesiologists, and critical care specialists) and multiprofessional (physicians, nurses, pump technologists and pharmacists). The Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) organized a consensus project involving a Task Force of expert anesthesiologists that reviewing literature provide appropriate levels of care and good clinical practices. Hence, this article focuses on achieving goals of PBM in the perioperative period.

KEY WORDS: Perioperative care; Hemostasis; Blood component transfusion