ORIGINAL ARTICLE  EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOMECHANICS 

The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 2022 April;62(4):435-47

DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.21.12130-9

Copyright © 2021 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA

language: English

The effectiveness of different ankle strengthening training programs on performance

Tugce KALAYCIOGLU ¹ ✉, Nikos C. APOSTOLOPOULOS ², Yasin YURT ³, Volga B. TUNAY ⁴

¹ School of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Cyprus Health and Social Sciences University, Morphou, Turkey; ² Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ³ Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Turkey; ⁴ Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of different ankle strengthening training programs: eccentric, concentric, and resistance bands, on performance of university level sedentary males.
METHODS: Sixty-three males between the ages of 18 and 26 years were randomized to either eccentric isokinetic (N.=21), concentric isokinetic (N.=21), and resistance bands ankle strengthening groups (N.=21). Training was performed three days a week, for eight weeks for both sides of ankle. Each program was made progressively harder by increasing the number of repetitions or sets. Measurements evaluating strength, balance and jumping performance were repeated pre, post and at one month (follow-up) after training.
RESULTS: Statistical significance was observed for concentric evertor strength for both sides of the ankle for all groups after training (P<0.05). In addition, statistically significant increases were seen in jumping performance for all groups and dynamic balance for eccentric and concentric groups (P<0.05), with the concentric being statistically higher compared to the resistance bands group for all parameters (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Ankle isokinetic strength (eccentric, concentric) training is more effective than resistance bands regarding improvement on strength, explosive strength, and dynamic balance. Ankle isokinetic strength training, which includes evertor and invertor muscles, improves performance, especially when applied concentrically. Therefore, the proper strengthening of ankle muscles will prevent the re-injury of ankles with individuals returning to activities.

KEY WORDS: Ankle; Resistance training; Postural balance; Athletic performance