Minerva Cardioangiologica 2020 May 29

DOI: 10.23736/S0026-4725.20.05311-6

Copyright © 2020 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA

language: English

2019 novel coronavirus: what is currently known, cardiovascular implications and management

Luigi CAPPANNOLI ✉, Roberto SCACCIAVILLANI, Giulia IANNACCONE, Gianluca ANASTASIA, Federico DI GIUSTO, Filippo CREA

Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

From first cases reported on December 31, 2019, in Wuhan, Hubei-China, SARS-CoV2 has spread worldwide and finally the World Health Organization declared the pandemic status. We summarize what makes SARS-CoV2 different from previous highly pathogenic coronaviruses and why it is so contagious, with focus on its clinical presentation and diagnosis, which is mandatory to start the appropriate management and reduce the transmission. As far as infection pathophysiology is still not completely clarified, this review focuses also on the cardiovascular (CV) implication of COVID-19 and the capability of this virus to cause direct myocardial injury, myocarditis and other CV manifestations. Furthermore, we highlight the relationship between the virus, enzyme ACE2 and ACE inhibitors. Clinical management involves the intensive care approach with intubation and mechanical ventilation in the most serious cases and drug therapy with several apparently promising old and new molecules. Aim of this review is then to summarize what is actually known about the SARS-CoV2 and its cardiovascular implications.

KEY WORDS: Coronavirus; COVID-19; Cardiovascular; Management; ACE2