FUNCTIONAL EVALUATION SECTION   

Medicina dello Sport 2004 March;57(1):21-8

Copyright © 2004 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA

language: Italian

Effects of different muscular strength training methodologies on the risk of injuries in the soccer game on the five players

Sannicandro I.

Corso di Laurea in Scienze delle Attività Motorie e Sportive, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia

Aim. The aim of this work is to individuate the effects of different muscular strength training methodologies, on the risk of injuries in the soccer game with 5 players. Usually, the efficacy of the athletic preparation is valued in relation to the performance improvement in the different motor expressions speeded up from the specific discipline or in relation to the keeping of the same performance for all the sports season. The evaluation of the presented training, through the definition of costs, for what concerns injuries and benefits, for what concerns the evaluation of the motor skills, can help the technical staff to optimise the performance, avoiding penalizing interruptions.
Methods. It has been monitored the injuries of 2 groups of soccer players subjected to 2 different strength trainings: by means of overloads (GS) and multi-jumps (GMB). The evaluation of the elevation of the centre of gravity, through concentric contraction and stretching-shortening cycle, has been realized by means of a conductance - spring board Ergojump of Bosco, according to thesquat jump protocol (SJ) and the counter movement jump (CMJ). The acceleration has been estimated through a sprint of 20 m with the start from a still point; the evaluation of the maximal aerobic speed (VMA) has been realized through the test of Léger, version maximal multistage 20 m shuttle. In order to evaluate the risk of injurie, it has been calculated the index for 1000 h of sports activity, without considering the days of inability deriving from a bony, muscular or articular contusion.
Results. The GS has pointed out a risk of injurie of 29.3 h of inability every 1000 hof activity, against 102.4 h of inability recorded in GMB. There is a significant difference (p<0.001). The Gs has also underlined very few differences as for the elevation of centre of gravity, but significant variations as for the VMA (p<0.05).
Conclusion. The report has underlined that the power activities realized by multi-jumps have a risk of injury which is higher, compared with the activities realized with overloadings. It is also possible to hypotisize that such a high injury rate includes the evolution of some movement abilities, with a particular reference to the ability of speeding up and to the VMA. Controlling the efficacy of the athletic preparation, for what concerns risks, besides benefits, has pointed out the problem of the concurrent training in the sports plays: that is the influence and the transfer of adapting oneself, deriving from the training sessions for movement performances in reciprocal metabolic competition. The preposition of jump-trainings, rather than the replacement of this with overloads, represents the natural succession of it.