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ORIGINAL ARTICLES CARDIAC SECTION
The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2007 December;48(6):761-72
Copyright © 2007 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA
language: English
Aprotinin and perioperative complications in cardiac surgery
Kertai M. D. 1, 2, Varga K. S. 1, Royston D. 2, London M. J. 3, Szabolcs Z. 1, Grebenik C. R. 1,Acsady G. 1, Gal J. 1, 4
1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary 2 Department of Anesthesia Harefield Hospital, London, UK 3 Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA 4 Nuffield Department of Anesthetics John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
Aim. Recently, the clinical significance of aprotinin-induced renal dysfunction and other end-organ complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery has engendered substantial controversy. Therefore, we assessed the effect of aprotinin on end-organ complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Methods. Data of 674 patients (mean age 65.4±11.0 years, 457 males) undergoing cardiac surgery between January 1 and December 31, 2005 at Semmelweis University were used for the analyses. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative clinical and surgical variables were recorded. Patients administered aprotinin received the drug either as a low-dose regimen, a loading dose of 1 million kallikrein-inhibitor units (KIU), 1 million KIU in pump, and 1 million KIU post pump (or continuous infusion of 0.25 million KIU per hour); or a high-dose regimen, a loading dose of 2 million KIU, 2 million KIU in pump, and 2 million KIU post pump (or continuous infusion of 0.5 million KIU per hour). The outcomes were renal complications defined as a 25% reduction in postoperative calculated creatinine clearance compared to the preoperative baseline or renal failure requiring dialysis; and the composite of renal, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications and all-cause mortality.
Results. Patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery (63%), valvular (27%) or a combination (5%) and surgery on the ascending aorta (5%). There were 550 patients (81.6%) who received aprotinin treatment. In multivariate regression analyses when the relation between high or low dose aprotinin compared to no aprotinin was evaluated, the likelihood of renal complications [high dose: odds ratio (OR)=1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.6-3.0, P=0.4; low dose: OR=1.2, 95%CI, 0.7-2.3, p=0.5], and the composite outcome variable (high dose: OR=1.6, 95%CI, 0.8-3.4, P=0.2; low dose: OR=1.3, 95%CI, 0.7-2.3, P=0.4) were not significantly increased.
Conclusion. Our analysis suggests that aprotinin use in either a high or low dose regimen was not associated with an increase in adverse end-organ complications.